Before reaching for cold medication, take a moment to evaluate whether it is truly necessary.
In a post-pandemic era, even minor symptoms like a sniffle might seem more significant or warrant an explanation. While common cold symptoms may prompt individuals to proactively take cold medications, this approach could potentially have more negative than positive effects on health.
Unnecessary use of cold medications can lead to various undesirable side effects. Eric Ascher, DO, a family medicine physician, warns that these medications often induce drowsiness, which can be inconvenient for individuals with long commutes, caregiving responsibilities, or important decision-making tasks. Moreover, cold medications may cause dizziness, increase blood pressure, or exacerbate acid reflux.
In addition to these adverse effects, cold medications might interact poorly with other medications someone is already taking. Checking the ingredients and side effects listed on the packaging of over-the-counter medications is crucial.
“The packaging will mention potential interactions with other medications and the recommended dose,” advises Joaquin Villegas, MD, a family medicine physician. For instance, decongestants like pseudoephedrine can lead to palpitations or elevated blood pressure, while antihistamines like diphenhydramine may affect older patients, causing confusion and urinary retention.
Even seemingly innocuous medications like acetaminophen can pose risks if overused. As it is metabolized by the liver, excessive consumption can result in liver damage and severe reactions.
If there are any uncertainties or questions, it is advisable to consult with a doctor or pharmacist before taking any medication, according to Villegas.
Easing Symptoms Without Cold Medicine
There are numerous non-medication approaches to alleviate mild cold-like symptoms.
“I always recommend plenty of fluids and rest to all my patients since dehydration can worsen symptoms,” stated Joaquin Villegas, MD. Additionally, he suggests various home remedies for specific symptoms. For a sore throat, gargling with salt water, sipping hot tea, sucking on ice chips, and consuming a spoonful of honey are recommended, with a caution not to give honey to children under 1 year of age.
To address nasal congestion, steam baths or hot showers can help clear nasal passages. For those who find hot showers challenging, a cool-mist humidifier is suggested to aid in loosening congestion.
Eric Ascher, DO, recommends the following for individuals with mild cold symptoms:
- Hot tea with honey and lemon
- Hot soup
- Ample water intake to flush out toxins
- Adequate rest
- Consumption of fruits and vegetables for nutrients and antioxidants
While many people often turn to vitamin C or zinc at the onset of illness, research suggests their efficacy may be limited. Ascher also notes that individuals aiming to prevent colds may consider incorporating daily garlic consumption into their routine.
Knowing When to Stay Home
When uncertain about whether you are unwell, the safest choice is to stay home.
Eric Ascher, DO, emphasizes that any symptom deviating from your usual state can indicate illness, including flu, COVID-19, or other viruses. Additionally, if someone has a non-severe illness or virus, there’s a risk of infecting others, especially those with close contact with vulnerable individuals for whom the illness could be detrimental.
If you exhibit symptoms such as fever, cough, sneezing, or believe you might spread germs, it is advisable to refrain from being around others. When feeling unwell, it’s essential to take necessary precautions before attending events, such as using at-home tests, wearing a mask, and consistently practicing hand hygiene to prevent the spread of germs to those in your vicinity.
Ascher further recommends that if there’s any doubt about attending an event, it’s likely best to sit it out to avoid potentially infecting others.
When You Should Take Cold Medication
If home remedies fail to alleviate your symptoms, it might be appropriate to consider taking cold medicine.
Eric Ascher, DO, highlights the following signs as indicators that medication may be necessary:
- Fevers, chills, night sweats
- Body aches
- Extreme fatigue
- Cough that disrupts sleep or leads to shortness of breath
- Sneezing causing headaches or facial pressure
- Illness worsening over a few days
Recognizing when over-the-counter medications are insufficient and further action is required for your well-being is crucial. Joaquin Villegas, MD, advises that while over-the-counter medications are effective in relieving symptoms, if you develop a persistent fever or experience shortness of breath that does not improve with medications, seeking evaluation from a doctor or urgent care is essential.